Ulrich H. von Andrian
Harvard Medical School
NRB Room 836
77 Ave. Louis Pasteur
Boston, MA 02115
Tel: 617-432-6827
Fax: 617-432-6829
Email: uva@hms.harvard.edu
Visit my lab page here.
We are trying to understand how circulating cells manage to leave the blood stream and home to distinct organs or tissues where they may have crucial physiologic functions or may cause disease. Despite considerable progress in this field, it is still beyond the reach of even the most sophisticated in vitro methodology to simulate the complex interplay of physical, cellular, biochemical, and other factors that influence blood cell behavior in microvessels. Therefore, we are employing intravital microscopy to study the molecular mechanisms of interactions between blood-borne cells and the intact vascular wall by direct observation of lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues in anesthetized mice. This is achieved by intra-arterial injection of fluorescently tagged leukocyte subsets from human or murine donors or transfected cell lines. We use fluorescence video-microscopy, multi-photon/confocal microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis to quantitatitate cell behavior in the downstream microvasculature. Using this approach, we have demonstrated that leukocyte homing to most target tissues requires an initial tethering step that leads to rolling in postcapillary venules and is followed by an activation step which, in turn, triggers stationary adhesion and emigration. Each of these steps involves distinct molecular pathways whose unique combination is the reason why certain leukocyte subsets migrate to a particular organ, whereas others don't.
We are now working on dissecting the site-specific adhesion cascades that direct myeloid and lymphoid cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells and platelets to normal and diseased tissues. These include:lymph node, Peyer's patch, gut, striated muscle, skin, bone marrow, bone, knee joint, bladder, liver and pancreas in adult animals. Rotation students may be trained in one (or more) of these models (including microsurgical procedures).
We have also generated transgenic strains of mice that express different fluorescent proteins in distinct lymphocyte subsets. In one of these strains, called T-GFP, T cell restricted expression of transegenic GFP is specifically lost when CD8 T cells become cytotoxic effector cells. These animals are now being used in studies on the migratory behavior of naive, effector and memory cells. In addition, several new transgenic strains have been generated to identify molecular events involved in effector and memory T cell differentiation. To this end, transgenic T cells are currently being studied in our in vivo assays, including a newly established multi-photon microscopy system, which permits us to analyze T cell migration and interactions with antigen presenting cells in as many as six dimensions (i.e. in space, time, fluorescence color and intensity). To relate our in vivo observations to circumscribed molecular events we employ also a number of in vitro approaches such as static and flow adhesion assays, flow cytometry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunoelectron microscopy.
References:
Moseman EA, Iannacone M, Bosurgi L, Tonti E, Chevrier N, Tumanov A, Fu YX, Hacohen N, von Andrian UH. B Cell Maintenance of Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages Protects against a Fatal Viral Infection Independent of Adaptive Immunity. Immunity, 2012 March 23; 36:1-12. PMID: 22386268
Paust, S., Singh Gill, H., Flynn, M., Moseman, E.A., Senman, B., Askenase, P., Compans, R. & von Andrian, U.H. Critical role for CXCR6 in NK cell mediated adaptive immunity. Nat. Immunol. Oct. 24 2010. PMID: 20972432
Iannacone M, Moseman EA, Tonti E, Bosurgi L, Junt T, Henrickson SE, Whelan SP, Guidotti LG, von Andrian UH. Subcapsular sinus macrophages prevent CNS invasion on peripheral infection with a neurotropic virus. Nature. 465: 1079-1083, 2010. PMCID: PMC2892812
Henrickson, S.E., Mempel T.R., Mazo I.B., Liu B., Artyomov M.N., Zheng H., Peixoto A., Flynn M., Senman B., Junt T., Wong H.C., Chakraborty A.K. and von Andrian UH. In vivo imaging of T cell priming. Science Signaling 1(12):pt2, 2008. PMID: 18364513
Henrickson, S.E., Mempel, T.R., Mazo, I.B., Liu, B., Flynn, M., Senman, B., Artomov, M., Junt, T., Wong, H.C., Chakraborty, A.K. and von Andrian, U.H. T cell sensing of antigen dose governs interactive behavior with dendritic cells and sets a threshold for T cell activation. Nature Immunology, 9(3):282-291, 2008. PMCID: PMC2698867
Last Update: 1/23/2013